Ugsarmal bair — the precast panel blocks Ulaanbaatar built between 1965 and 2000. One thousand and seventy-seven of them, about 45,462 households, roughly a fifth of the city living inside a catalogue of identical cast rectangles.

The system is Soviet, the ground is neutral grey concrete, and the Mongolian part is small and deliberate: a narrow painted band of ornament dropped into one course of an otherwise plain facade. This design keeps that ratio. Grey field, repeated module, visible joints, and colour used only where somebody chose to put it.