The Yugoslav spomenici are abstract concrete-and-steel memorial sculptures commissioned by Tito's socialist Yugoslavia between 1960 and 1990 to commemorate Partisan resistance and anti-fascist victims. Designed by architects like Bogdanović, Džamonja, and Bakić, they reject figurative representation in favor of crystalline polyhedra, biomorphic cantilevers, and soaring concrete wings.

Rediscovered through Jan Kempenaers' 2010 photography book, these monuments became icons of brutalist-modernist aesthetics. This design system channels their austere concrete materiality — gray aggregate surfaces, monumental geometric composition, and the weight of post-fascist trauma rendered into pure form.