About Nepali Paubha (Newari Scroll)关于 Nepali Paubha (Newari Scroll)
Paubha is the Kathmandu Valley Newari scroll-painting tradition, older than Tibetan Thangka and visually distinct from it — denser micro-detail, warmer Hindu-Buddhist chromatic chord, and a strict bilateral symmetry around a centered deity on a lotus throne.
Every Paubha is a mandala-frame: jewel-red ground, gold-leaf border-band, concentric prabhamandala halo, and rings of micro-deities radiating in the cardinal directions. The Newari Chitrakar painter caste of Patan has rendered Tara, Avalokiteshvara, and the Sapta-Buddha cycle this way for nine centuries.
「奉巴」(Paubha) 是尼泊尔加德满都谷地的纽瓦尔卷轴画传统，比西藏唐卡更古老，色温更暖、密度更高，呈现出印度教与佛教交融的独特气质。纽瓦尔奇特拉卡尔 (Chitrakar) 画师世家自十一世纪起便在帕坦、巴德岗和加德满都为玛拉王朝绘制度母、观音、文殊等密教本尊。
每一幅奉巴都是一座曼荼罗：朱砂红铺地，金箔边带勾勒外框，中央本尊端坐莲花宝座，背光圆轮 (prabhamandala) 层层金环外放，周围以四方、八方、十六方乃至千佛对称分布。矿物颜料平涂——青金石蓝、辰砂红、孔雀石绿、雌黄、金箔——色彩如珠宝般饱和厚重，每一方寸都有一尊小神祇或一件法器。整体强调严整的左右对称、密集的微细叙事与宗教仪轨的肃穆庄严。
The Nepali Paubha (Newari Scroll) design system traces back to 11th century onward; peak Malla-dynasty production 1200–1768; continuous tradition to present Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (Patan, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu). Key figures behind it include Lok Chitrakar, Anant Karma Charya, Arniko, and Lokesh Chandra. It belongs to the Vajrayana Buddhist art, Newari Hindu-Buddhist syncretism, and Pala-Sena Indian Buddhist iconography descent movements.
Nepali Paubha (Newari Scroll) 这套设计系统溯源至 11th century onward; peak Malla-dynasty production 1200–1768; continuous tradition to present 年的尼泊尔加德满都谷地（帕坦、巴德岗、加德满都）。代表人物包括 Lok Chitrakar、Anant Karma Charya、Arniko、Lokesh Chandra。所属流派：Vajrayana Buddhist art、Newari Hindu-Buddhist syncretism、Pala-Sena Indian Buddhist iconography descent。