The deluxe Jain Kalpasutra manuscripts of mid-15th-century Gujarat are among the most opulent painted books of South Asia: text bands and miniature panels laid over a ground of intense crimson, with figures worked in gold leaf and ultramarine ground from imported lapis lazuli. The Tirthankaras stand in strict angular profile, the far eye bulging out past the cheek — a signature convention — ringed by lotus and floral borders. This system carries that materiality into the interface: a saturated red field, never paper-white; gold and lapis as the precious foreground; off-white reserved only for text fields and figure panels, the way vellum surfaces interrupt the painted ground.