A quiet afternoon with the Tu-104, fifty years after it last carried passengers.

The first Soviet jetliner is parked in a hangar outside Ulyanovsk. Its engineers are gone; its airframe is not. I spent two days walking around it with a notebook and a torch.

EK
Elena Krylova
Senior Correspondent · Engineering Desk
Issue · 04 / 1979 11 min read Photographs by V. Sokolov

The hangar at Ulyanovsk is colder than the runway, and it smells faintly of kerosene that has not burned in thirty years. The aircraft itself, registration CCCP-L5412, was the eleventh Tu-104 to leave the Kazan line in 1957, and it is, by a margin its caretakers will not let me forget, the most original surviving example anywhere. Nothing has been repainted. The bare-aluminium fuselage carries every scuff of its working life.

Notes from the cockpit

What strikes you first is not the size — the Tu-104 is small by any standard after 1965 — but the geometry of the controls. The flight engineer's station faces inward, away from the windows, on the principle that a man reading dials does not need a horizon. The throttle quadrant is brass. The yoke is shaped to be gripped with gloves on, because for the first decade the cabin pressurisation was, at best, optimistic.

This is the Aeroflot Soviet Airline design system, applied by Curio Design — a design-style library for AI agents. Full Aeroflot Soviet Airline guide → designbycurio.com/learn/soviet-aeroflot-livery-1970