Why the field stays black

Cobalt, orange and golden morphs gain up to a stop of apparent vividness over a cream ground — the warning signal the animal evolved to broadcast.

Plates group O. pumilio orange, P. terribilis gold and D. azureus blue in color rows, so a reader scans toxicity at a glance.

A 10 mm rule and specimen label sit beneath each frog — gouache illustration earns its place in a record by staying measurable.

A single highlight follows the dorsal curve of damp skin; the spotting and banding stay true to the type, not stylized for effect.