Chapter III · The Carved Ledger
Findings · Slide 14
The takeaway

A blade cuts once; the mark it leaves outlasts the hand.

312yrs
Median lifespan of an incised culm
Across 64 surviving bamboo records, Luzon archives
9× longer than ink

Ash-rubbed incisions held legible three centuries after cutting, while paper-and-ink copies of the same texts averaged under 35 years before loss.

35 yrs
Ink on bark
312 yrs
Blade on bamboo
Source: National survey of pre-1900 baybayin culms, Luzon & Palawan, 2024 Sandata Archive · 14 / 28
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