Chapter III · Transmission
03 / 08
Mastery ends where the lineage breaks
Apprentices per master practitioner across Hawaiian ceremonial arts, 2024
1
2
3
4
APPRENTICES PER MASTER
4.2
Oli
Chant
3.8
Hula
Kahiko
2.1
Kapa
Printing
1.4
Pahu
Carving
0.8
Olonā
Lashing
succession threshold