Pliegos
Field Notes

Seven Thousand Sheets of Green

Inside the Real Expedición Botánica and the anonymous painters who mapped a continent's flora with pigment and patience

Carolina Restrepo · March 12, 2024 · 14 min read

I first encountered the pliegos of the Real Expedición Botánica in a vault beneath the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales in Bogotá. The archivist brought out a folio of Heliconia — rostro de gallo, the locals call it — and I was struck by the faint pencil lines still visible beneath the pigment. Someone, nearly two and a half centuries ago, had sketched this flower from life in the sweltering valley of Mariquita.

A single specimen, observed exhaustively, on a blank page. Not beauty as intention, but beauty as consequence of thoroughness — every root hair, every venation, drawn because it was there.

The Workshop at Mariquita

Mutis trained Salvador Rizo and a team of indigenous and mestizo painters in a converted tobacco warehouse where the cloud forest meets the Magdalena valley at twelve hundred meters. Each specimen was rendered with full anatomical precision — stem cross-sections, root systems, the exact venation of every leaf. The seven thousand folio sheets they produced remain the finest scientific watercolor tradition in the Americas.